Ford Motor Company (F) stock analysis
Company overview and business model
Source fact: Ford Motor Company develops, delivers, and services Ford trucks, sport utility vehicles, commercial vans and cars, and Lincoln luxury vehicles in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Mexico, and internationally. It operates through Ford Blue, Ford Model e, Ford Pro, and Ford Credit segments. The company sells Ford and Lincoln internal combustion engine and hybrid vehicles, electric vehicles, service parts, accessories, and digital services for retail customers; develops EV and digital vehicle technologies, and software; and provides telematics and EV charging solutions. It also sells Ford and Lincoln vehicles, service parts, and accessories through distributors and dealers, as well as through dealerships to commercial fleet customers, daily rental car companies, and governments. In addition, it engages in vehicle-related financing and leasing activities to and through automotive dealers. Further, the company provides retail installment sale contracts for new and used vehicles; and direct financing leases for new vehicles to retail and commercial customers, such as leasing companies, government entities, daily rental companies, and fleet customers. Additionally, it offers wholesale loans to dealers to finance the purchase of vehicle inventory; and loans to dealers to finance working capital and enhance dealership facilities, purchase dealership real estate, and other dealer vehicle programs. Ford Motor Company was incorporated in 1903 and is based in Dearborn, Michigan.
Classification: NYSE · Consumer Cyclical · Auto Manufacturers
Revenue and growth
Source fact: Revenue was USD 187.27 billion for the period ending 2025-12-31.
Caverian calculation: Revenue changed +1.2% (FY2025 vs FY2024).
Profitability
Source fact: Net income was USD -8.18 billion in the latest reported period.
Source metric: Reported net margin was -4.4%.
Balance sheet and liquidity
Source fact: Cash and equivalents were USD 23.36 billion.
Source fact: Total debt was USD 165.74 billion.
Source metric: Current ratio was 1.07x.
Cash-flow analysis
Source fact: Operating cash flow was USD 21.28 billion.
Source fact: Free cash flow was USD 12.47 billion.
Valuation
Source metrics: Forward P/E 7.36x; Price to book 1.56x; Price to sales 0.30x; EV/EBITDA 25.67x.
Caverian model output: Value score was 37/100.
Competitive position
Classification: Peer context: Auto Manufacturers within Consumer Cyclical.
Caverian model output: Quality score was 31/100.
Caverian model output: Growth score was 42/100.
Material risks
Caverian model interpretation: Watch out: the balance sheet looks fragile, and price swings more than the broader market (beta 1.8).
Caverian calculation: Altman Z-score was 0.80 (distress zone).
Caverian calculation: Piotroski F-score was 2/9.
Data sources and freshness
Freshness: This report uses a stored upstream snapshot; statement periods are shown alongside the figures.
Methodology and limitations
Facts reproduce stored upstream fields. Calculations derive only from the displayed stored statements. Model outputs are Caverian interpretations, not investment advice or a buy/sell recommendation.
How Caverian approaches valuation · Sources and product principles