Caterpillar, Inc. (CAT) stock analysis
Company overview and business model
Source fact: Caterpillar Inc. provides construction and mining equipment, off-highway diesel and natural gas engines, industrial gas turbines, and diesel-electric locomotives in the United States and internationally. The Construction Industries segment offers asphalt pavers, cold planers, compactors, forestry machines, material handlers, motor graders, pipelayers, road reclaimers, telehandlers, track-type tractors, and track and wheel excavators; backhoe, compact track, skid steer, track-type, and wheel loaders; and related parts and work tools. Its Resource Industries segment provides electric rope and hydraulic shovels, draglines, rotary drills, hard rock vehicles, mining trucks, wheel loaders, off-highway and articulated trucks, wide-body trucks, wheel tractor scrapers and dozers, and landfill and soil compactors; machinery components, and wear and maintenance components; and technology products and services for fleet management, equipment management analytics, autonomous machine capabilities, safety services, and mining performance solutions. The Energy & Transportation segment offers reciprocating engine powered generator sets; reciprocating engines, drivetrain, and integrated systems and solutions; centrifugal gas compressors and related services; and diesel-electric locomotive components, and other rail-related products. Its Financial Products segment provides operating and finance leases, revolving charge accounts, installment sale contracts, repair/rebuild financing, working capital loans, and wholesale financing; and insurance and risk management products and services. The All Other segment offers parts distribution; logistics and distribution services; electronics and control systems; dealer portfolio management; brand management and marketing strategy; and digital investment services. It also provides mining software solutions. The company was formerly known as Caterpillar Tractor Co. Caterpillar Inc. was incorporated in 1925 and is headquartered in Irving, Texas.
Classification: NYSE · Industrials · Farm & Heavy Construction Machinery
Revenue and growth
Source fact: Revenue was USD 67.59 billion for the period ending 2025-12-31.
Caverian calculation: Revenue changed +4.3% (FY2025 vs FY2024).
Profitability
Source fact: Net income was USD 8.88 billion in the latest reported period.
Source metric: Reported net margin was 13.1%.
Balance sheet and liquidity
Source fact: Cash and equivalents were USD 9.98 billion.
Source fact: Total debt was USD 43.33 billion.
Source metric: Current ratio was 1.44x.
Cash-flow analysis
Source fact: Operating cash flow was USD 11.74 billion.
Source fact: Free cash flow was USD 7.45 billion.
Valuation
Source metrics: Trailing P/E 35.08x; Forward P/E 25.65x; Price to book 19.62x; Price to sales 5.09x; EV/EBITDA 25.83x.
Caverian model output: Value score was 27/100.
Competitive position
Classification: Peer context: Farm & Heavy Construction Machinery within Industrials.
Caverian model output: Quality score was 73/100.
Caverian model output: Growth score was 47/100.
Material risks
Caverian model interpretation: Watch out: price swings more than the broader market (beta 1.6).
Caverian calculation: Altman Z-score was 5.17 (safe zone).
Caverian calculation: Piotroski F-score was 6/9.
Data sources and freshness
Freshness: This report uses a stored upstream snapshot; statement periods are shown alongside the figures.
Methodology and limitations
Facts reproduce stored upstream fields. Calculations derive only from the displayed stored statements. Model outputs are Caverian interpretations, not investment advice or a buy/sell recommendation.
How Caverian approaches valuation · Sources and product principles